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48-49 Transportation and Warehousing

 48-49 Transportation and Warehousing

The Sector as a Whole

The Transportation and Warehousing sector includes industries providing transportation of passengers and cargo, warehousing and storage for goods, scenic and sightseeing transportation, and support activities related to modes of transportation. Establishments in these industries use transportation equipment or transportation related facilities as a productive asset. The type of equipment depends on the mode of transportation. The modes of transportation are air, rail, water, road, and pipeline.

The Transportation and Warehousing sector distinguishes three basic types of activities: subsectors for each mode of transportation, a subsector for warehousing and storage, and a subsector for establishments providing support activities for transportation. In addition, there are subsectors for establishments that provide passenger transportation for scenic and sightseeing purposes, postal services, and courier services.

A separate subsector for support activities is established in the sector because, first, support activities for transportation are inherently multimodal, such as freight transportation arrangement, or have multimodal aspects. Secondly, there are production process similarities among the support activity industries.

One of the support activities identified in the support activity subsector is the routine repair and maintenance of transportation equipment (e.g., aircraft at an airport, railroad rolling stock at a railroad terminal, or ships at a harbor or port facility). Such establishments do not perform complete overhauling or rebuilding of transportation equipment (i.e., periodic restoration of transportation equipment to original design specifications) or transportation equipment conversion (i.e., major modification to systems). An establishment that primarily performs factory (or shipyard) overhauls, rebuilding, or conversions of aircraft, railroad rolling stock, or a ship is classified in Subsector 336, Transportation Equipment Manufacturing according to the type of equipment.

Many of the establishments in this sector often operate on networks, with physical facilities, labor forces, and equipment spread over an extensive geographic area.

Warehousing establishments in this sector are distinguished from merchant wholesaling in that the warehouse establishments do not sell the goods.

Excluded from this sector are establishments primarily engaged in providing travel agent services that support transportation and other establishments, such as hotels, businesses, and government agencies. These establishments are classified in Sector 56, Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Also, establishments primarily engaged in providing rental and leasing of transportation equipment without operator are classified in Subsector 532, Rental and Leasing Services.

481 Air Transportation

 481 Air Transportation

Industries in the Air Transportation subsector provide air transportation of passengers and/or cargo using aircraft, such as airplanes and helicopters. The subsector distinguishes scheduled from nonscheduled air transportation. Scheduled air carriers fly regular routes on regular schedules and operate even if flights are only partially loaded. Nonscheduled carriers often operate during nonpeak time slots at busy airports. These establishments have more flexibility with respect to choice of airport, hours of operation, load factors, and similar operational characteristics. Nonscheduled carriers provide chartered air transportation of passengers, cargo, or specialty flying services. Specialty flying services establishments use general-purpose aircraft to provide a variety of specialized flying services.

Scenic and sightseeing air transportation and air courier services are not included in this subsector but are included in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation and in Subsector 492, Couriers and Messengers. Although these activities may use aircraft, they are different from the activities included in air transportation. Air sightseeing does not usually involve place-to-place transportation; the passenger's flight (e.g., balloon ride, aerial sightseeing) typically starts and ends at the same location. Courier services (individual package or cargo delivery) include more than air transportation; road transportation is usually required to deliver the cargo to the intended recipient.

 4811 Scheduled Air Transportation

 48111 Scheduled Air Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation of passengers and/or cargo over regular routes and on regular schedules. Establishments in this industry operate flights even if partially loaded. Establishments primarily engaged in providing scheduled air transportation of mail on a contract basis are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation of passengers or passengers and freight over regular routes and on regular schedules. Establishments in this industry operate flights even if partially loaded. Scheduled air passenger carriers including commuter and helicopter carriers (except scenic and sightseeing) are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4811114811114512Air commuter carriers, scheduled
4811114811114512Air passenger carriers, scheduled
4811114811114512Commuter air carriers, scheduled
4811114811114512Helicopter passenger carriers, scheduled
4811114811114512Passenger air transportation, scheduled
4811114811114512Passenger carriers, air, scheduled
4811114811114512Scheduled air passenger carriers
4811114811114512Scheduled air passenger transportation

 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation of cargo without transporting passengers over regular routes and on regular schedules. Establishments in this industry operate flights even if partially loaded. Establishments primarily engaged in providing scheduled air transportation of mail on a contract basis are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4811124811124512Air cargo carriers (except air couriers), scheduled
4811124811124512Airmail carriers, scheduled
4811124811124512Cargo carriers, air, scheduled
4811124811124512Freight carriers (except air couriers), air, scheduled
4811124811124512Helicopter freight carriers, scheduled
4811124811124512Scheduled air freight carriers
4811124811124512Scheduled air freight transportation

 4812 Nonscheduled Air Transportation

 48121 Nonscheduled Air Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) providing air transportation of passengers and/or cargo with no regular routes and regular schedules or (2) providing specialty flying services with no regular routes and regular schedules using general purpose aircraft. These establishments have more flexibility with respect to choice of airports, hours of operation, load factors, and similar operational characteristics.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation of passengers or passengers and cargo with no regular routes and regular schedules.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4812114812114522Air passenger carriers, nonscheduled
4812114812114522Air taxi services
4812114812114522Aircraft charter services, passenger
4812114812114522Charter air passenger services
4812114812114522Helicopter passenger carriers (except scenic, sightseeing), nonscheduled
4812114812114522Nonscheduled air passenger transportation
4812114812114522Passenger air transportation, nonscheduled
4812114812114522Passenger carriers, air, nonscheduled

 481212 Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation of cargo without transporting passengers with no regular routes and regular schedules.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4812124812124522Air cargo carriers (except air couriers), nonscheduled
4812124812124522Charter air freight services
4812124812124522Freight charter services, air
4812124812124522Freight transportation, air, charter services
4812124812124522Freight transportation, air, nonscheduled
4812124812124522Helicopter carriers, freight, nonscheduled
4812124812124522Nonscheduled air freight transportation
4812124812124522Space transportation, freight, nonscheduled
4812124812124522Transportation by spacecraft, freight

 481219 Other Nonscheduled Air Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air transportation with no regular routes and regular schedules (except nonscheduled chartered passenger and/or cargo air transportation). These establishments provide a variety of specialty air transportation or flying services based on individual customer needs using general purpose aircraft.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4812194812194522Aircraft charter services (i.e., general purpose aircraft used for a variety of s
4812194812197997Aviation clubs providing a variety of air transportation activities to the genera

482 Rail Transportation

 482 Rail Transportation

Industries in the Rail Transportation subsector provide rail transportation of passengers and/or cargo using railroad rolling stock. The railroads in this subsector primarily either operate on networks, with physical facilities, labor force, and equipment spread over an extensive geographic area, or operate over a short distance on a local rail line.

Scenic and sightseeing rail transportation and street railroads, commuter rail, and rapid transit are not included in this subsector but are included in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, and Subsector 485, Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation, respectively. Although these activities use railroad rolling stock, they are different from the activities included in rail transportation. Sightseeing and scenic railroads do not usually involve place-to-place transportation; the passenger's trip typically starts and ends at the same location. Commuter railroads operate in a manner more consistent with local and urban transit and are often part of integrated transit systems.

 4821 Rail Transportation

 48211 Rail Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating railroads (except street railroads, commuter rail, urban rapid transit, and scenic and sightseeing trains). Line-haul rail roads and short line railroads are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 482111 Line-Haul Railroads

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as line-haul railroads primarily engaged in operating railroads for the transport of passengers and/or cargo over a long distance within a rail network. These establishments provide for the intercity movement of trains between the terminals and stations on main and branch lines of a line-haul rail network (except for local switching services).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4821114821114011Freight railways, line-haul
4821114821114011Passenger railways, line-haul
4821114821114011Railroad transportation, line-haul
4821114821114011Railroads, line-haul
4821114821114011Railway transportation, line-haul

 482112 Short Line Railroads

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as short line railroads primarily engaged in operating railroads for the transport of cargo over a short distance on local rail lines not part of a rail network.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4821124821124013Beltline railroads
4821124821124013Freight railways, short-line or beltline
4821124821124013Logging railroads
4821124821124013Railroad transportation, short-line or beltline
4821124821124013Railroads, short-line or beltline
4821124821124013Railway transportation, short-line or beltline
4821124821124013Short-line railroads

483 Water Transportation

 483 Water Transportation

Industries in the Water Transportation subsector provide water transportation of passengers and cargo using water craft, such as ships, barges, and boats.

The subsector is composed of two industry groups: (1) one for deep sea, coastal, and Great Lakes; and (2) one for inland water transportation. This split typically reflects the difference in equipment used.

Scenic and sightseeing water transportation services are not included in this subsector but are included in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation. Although these activities use water craft, they are different from the activities included in water transportation. Water sightseeing does not usually involve place-to-place transportation; the passenger's trip starts and ends at the same location.

 4831 Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transportation

 48311 Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great Lakes Water Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing deep sea, coastal, Great Lakes, and St. Lawrence Seaway water transportation. Marine transportation establishments using the facilities of the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority Commission are considered to be using the Great Lakes Water Transportation System.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 483111 Deep Sea Freight Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing deep sea transportation of cargo to or from foreign ports.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in providing deep sea transportation of cargo to and from domestic ports are classified in U.S. Industry 483113, Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation.
No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4831114831114412Deep sea freight transportation to or from foreign ports
4831114831114412Freight transportation, deep sea, to or from foreign ports
4831114831114412Ship chartering with crew, deep sea freight transportation to or from foreign por
4831114831114412Shipping freight to or from foreign ports, deep sea
4831114831114412Transporting freight to or from foreign ports, deep sea

 483112 Deep Sea Passenger Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing deep sea transportation of passengers to or from foreign ports.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4831124831124481Cruise lines (i.e., deep sea passenger transportation to or from foreign ports)
4831124831124481Deep sea passenger transportation to or from foreign ports
4831124831124481Passenger transportation, deep sea, to or from foreign ports
4831124831124481Ship chartering with crew, deep sea passenger transportation to or from foreign p
4831124831124481Transporting passengers to or from foreign ports, deep sea

 483113 Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing water transportation of cargo in coastal waters, on the Great Lakes System, or deep seas between ports of the United States, Puerto Rico, and United States island possessions or protectorates. Marine transportation establishments using the facilities of the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority Commission are considered to be using the Great Lakes Water Transportation System. Establishments primarily engaged in providing coastal and/or Great Lakes barge transportation services are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
483113483113 Barge transportation, coastal or Great Lakes (including St. Lawrence Seaway)
4831134831134432Coastal freight transportation to and from domestic ports
4831134831134424Coastal shipping of freight to and from domestic ports
4831134831134424Deep sea freight transportation to or from domestic ports (including Puerto Rico)
4831134831134432Freight shipping on the Great Lakes system (including St. Lawrence Seaway)
4831134831134432Freight transportation, deep sea, to and from domestic ports
4831134831134432Great Lakes freight transportation (including St. Lawrence Seaway)
4831134831134424Intercoastal freight transportation to and from domestic ports
4831134831134432Lake freight transportation, Great Lakes (including St. Lawrence Seaway)
4831134831134499Ship chartering with crew, coastal or Great Lakes freight transportation (includi
4831134831134499Shipping freight to and from domestic ports (i.e., coastal, deep sea (including P

 483114 Coastal and Great Lakes Passenger Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing water transportation of passengers in coastal waters, the Great Lakes System, or deep seas between ports of the United States, Puerto Rico, and United States island possessions and protectorates. Marine transportation establishments using the facilities of the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority Commission are considered to be using the Great Lakes Water Transportation System.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4831144831144481Coastal passenger transportation to and from domestic ports
4831144831144481Cruise lines (i.e., deep sea passenger transportation to and from domestic ports,
4831144831144481Deep sea passenger transportation to and from domestic ports (including Puerto Ri
4831144831144482Ferry passenger transportation, Great Lakes (including St. Lawrence Seaway)
4831144831144481Great Lakes passenger transportation (including St. Lawrence Seaway)
4831144831144481Intercoastal transportation of passengers to and from domestic ports
483114483114 Lake passenger transportation, Great Lakes (including St. Lawrence Seaway)
4831144831144481Passenger transportation, coastal or Great Lakes (including St. Lawrence Seaway)
4831144831144481Passenger transportation, deep sea, to and from domestic ports (including Puerto
4831144831144481Ship chartering with crew, coastal or Great Lakes passenger transportation (inclu

 4832 Inland Water Transportation

 48321 Inland Water Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing inland water transportation of passengers and/or cargo on lakes, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes System).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 483211 Inland Water Freight Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing inland water transportation of cargo on lakes, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes System).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4832114832114449Barge transportation, canal (freight)
4832114832114449Canal barge transportation (freight)
4832114832114449Freight transportation, inland waters (except on Great Lakes system)
4832114832114449Intracoastal transportation of freight
4832114832114449Lake freight transportation (except on Great Lakes system)
4832114832114499Lighterage (i.e., freight transportation except vessel supply services)
4832114832114449River freight transportation
4832114832114449Ship chartering with crew, freight transportation, inland waters (except on Great
4832114832114449Shipping freight, inland waters (except on Great Lakes system)
4832114832114449Towing service, inland waters (except on Great Lakes system)

 483212 Inland Water Passenger Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing inland water transportation of passengers on lakes, rivers, or intracoastal waterways (except on the Great Lakes System).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4832124832124489Canal passenger transportation
4832124832124482Car lighters (i.e., ferries), inland waters (except on Great Lakes system)
4832124832124489Intracoastal transportation of passengers
4832124832124489Lake passenger transportation (except on Great Lakes system)
4832124832124489Passenger transportation, inland waters (except on Great Lakes system)
4832124832124489River passenger transportation
4832124832124489Ship chartering with crew, passenger transportation, inland waters (except on Gre
4832124832124489Water taxi services

484 Truck Transportation

 484 Truck Transportation

Industries in the Truck Transportation subsector provide over-the-road transportation of cargo using motor vehicles,such as trucks and tractor trailers. The subsector is subdivided into general freight trucking and specialized freight trucking. This distinction reflects differences in equipment used, type of load carried, scheduling, terminal, and other networking services. General freight transportation establishments handle a wide variety of general commodities, generally palletized, and transported in a container or van trailer. Specialized freight transportation is the transportation of cargo that, because of size, weight, shape, or other inherent characteristics require specialized equipment for transportation.

Each of these industry groups is further subdivided based on distance traveled. Local trucking establishments primarily carry goods within a single metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas. Long distance trucking establishments carry goods between metropolitan areas.

The Specialized Freight Trucking industry group includes a separate industry for Used Household and Office Goods Moving. The household and office goods movers are separated because of the substantial network of establishments that has developed to deal with local and long-distance moving and the associated storage. In this area, the same establishment provides both local and long-distance services, while other specialized freight establishments generally limit their services to either local or long-distance hauling.

 4841 General Freight Trucking

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing general freight trucking. General freight establishments handle a wide variety of commodities, generally palletized, and transported in a container or van trailer. The establishments of this industry group provide a combination of the following network activities: local pickup, local sorting and terminal operations, line-haul, destination sorting and terminal operations, and local delivery.

 48411 General Freight Trucking, Local

See industry description for 484110 below.

 484110 General Freight Trucking, Local

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local general freight trucking. General freight establishments handle a wide variety of commodities, generally palletized and transported in a container or van trailer. Local general freight trucking establishments usually provide trucking within a metropolitan area which may cross state lines. Generally the trips are same-day return.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
484110484110 Bulk mail truck transportation, contract, local
484110484110 Container trucking services, local
484110484110 General freight trucking, local
484110484110 Motor freight carrier, general, local
484110484110 Transfer (trucking) services, general freight, local
484110484110 Trucking, general freight, local

 48412 General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing long-distance general freight trucking. General freight establishments handle a wide variety of commodities, generally palletized and transported in a container or van trailer. Long-distance general freight trucking establishments usually provide trucking between metropolitan areas which may cross North American country borders. Included in this industry are establishments operating as truckload (TL) or less than truckload (LTL) carriers.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 484121 General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Truckload

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing long-distance general freight truckload (TL) trucking. These long-distance general freight truckload carrier establishments provide full truck movement of freight from origin to destination. The shipment of freight on a truck is characterized as a full single load not combined with other shipments.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4841214841214213Bulk mail truck transportation, contract, long-distance (TL)
4841214841214213Container trucking services, long-distance (TL)
4841214841214213General freight trucking, long-distance, truckload (TL)
4841214841214213Motor freight carrier, general, long-distance, truckload (TL)
4841214841214213Trucking, general freight, long-distance, truckload (TL)

 484122 General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Less Than Truckload

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing long-distance, general freight, less than truckload (LTL) trucking. LTL carriage is characterized as multiple shipments combined onto a single truck for multiple deliveries within a network. These establishments are generally characterized by the following network activities: local pickup, local sorting and terminal operations, line-haul, destination sorting and terminal operations, and local delivery.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4841224841224213General freight trucking, long-distance, less-than-truckload (LTL)
4841224841224213LTL (less-than-truckload) long-distance freight trucking
4841224841224213Motor freight carrier, general, long-distance, less-than-truckload (LTL)
4841224841224213Trucking, general freight, long-distance, less-than-truckload (LTL)

 4842 Specialized Freight Trucking

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local or long-distance specialized freight trucking. The establishments of this industry are primarily engaged in the transportation of freight which, because of size, weight, shape, or other inherent characteristics, requires specialized equipment,such as flatbeds, tankers, or refrigerated trailers. This industry includes the transportation of used household, institutional, and commercial furniture and equipment.

 48421 Used Household and Office Goods Moving

See industry description for 484210 below.

 484210 Used Household and Office Goods Moving

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local or long-distance trucking of used household, used institutional, or used commercial furniture and equipment. Incidental packing and storage activities are often provided by these establishments.
No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4842104842104214Furniture moving, used
4842104842104212Motor freight carrier, used household goods
484210484210 Trucking used household, office, or institutional furniture and equipment
4842104842104214Used household and office goods moving
4842104842104214Van lines, moving and storage services

 48422 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local

See industry description for 484220 below.

 484220 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local, specialized trucking. Local trucking establishments provide trucking within a metropolitan area that may cross state lines. Generally the trips are same-day return.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4842204842204212Agricultural products trucking, local
4842204842204212Automobile carrier trucking, local
4842204842204212Boat hauling, truck, local
4842204842204212Bulk liquids trucking, local
4842204842204212Coal hauling, truck, local
4842204842204212Dry bulk trucking (except garbage collection, garbage hauling), local
4842204842204212Dump trucking (e.g., gravel, sand, top soil)
4842204842204212Farm products hauling, local
4842204842204212Flatbed trucking, local
4842204842204212Grain hauling, local
4842204842204212Gravel hauling, local
4842204842204212Livestock trucking, local
4842204842204212Log hauling, local
4842204842204212Milk hauling, local
4842204842204212Mobile home towing services, local
4842204842204212Refrigerated products trucking, local
4842204842204212Rubbish hauling without collection or disposal, truck, local
4842204842204212Sand hauling, local
4842204842204212Tanker trucking (e.g., chemical, juice, milk, petroleum), local
4842204842204212Top-soil hauling, local
4842204842204212Tracked vehicle freight transportation, local
4842204842204212Trucking, specialized freight (except used goods), local

 48423 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance

See industry description for 484230 below.

 484230 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing long-distance specialized trucking. These establishments provide trucking between metropolitan areas that may cross North American country borders.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4842304842304213Automobile carrier trucking, long-distance
4842304842304213Boat hauling, truck, long-distance
4842304842304213Bulk liquids trucking, long-distance
4842304842304213Dry bulk carrier, truck, long-distance
4842304842304213Farm products trucking, long-distance
4842304842304213Flatbed trucking, long-distance
4842304842304213Forest products trucking, long-distance
4842304842304213Grain hauling, long-distance
4842304842304213Gravel hauling, long-distance
4842304842304213Livestock trucking, long-distance
4842304842304213Log hauling, long-distance
4842304842304213Mobile home towing services, long-distance
4842304842304213Radioactive waste hauling, long-distance
4842304842304213Recyclable material hauling, long-distance
4842304842304213Refrigerated products trucking, long-distance
4842304842304213Refuse hauling, long-distance
4842304842304213Rubbish hauling without collection or disposal, truck, long-distance
4842304842304213Sand hauling, long-distance
4842304842304213Tanker trucking (e.g., chemical, juice, milk, petroleum), long-distance
4842304842304213Tracked vehicle freight transportation, long-distance
4842304842304213Trash hauling, long-distance
4842304842304213Trucking, specialized freight (except used goods), long-distance
4842304842304213Waste hauling, hazardous, long-distance
4842304842304213Waste hauling, nonhazardous, long-distance

485 Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation

 485 Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation

Industries in the Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation subsector include a variety of passenger transportation activities,such as urban transit systems; chartered bus, school bus, and interurban bus transportation; and taxis. These activities are distinguished based primarily on such production process factors as vehicle types, routes, and schedules.

In this subsector, the principal splits identify scheduled transportation as separate from nonscheduled transportation. The scheduled transportation industry groups are Urban Transit Systems, Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation, and School and Employee Bus Transportation. The nonscheduled industry groups are the Charter Bus Industry and Taxi and Limousine Service. The Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation Industry group includes both scheduled and nonscheduled transportation.

Scenic and sightseeing ground transportation services are not included in this subsector but are included in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation. Sightseeing does not usually involve place-to-place transportation; the passenger's trip starts and ends at the same location.

 4851 Urban Transit Systems

 48511 Urban Transit Systems

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating local and suburban passenger transit systems over regular routes and on regular schedules within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas. Such transportation systems involve the use of one or more modes of transport including light rail, commuter rail, subways, streetcars, as well as buses and other motor vehicles.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 485111 Mixed Mode Transit Systems

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating local and suburban ground passenger transit systems using more than one mode of transport over regular routes and on regular schedules within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4851114851114111Commuter transit systems, mixed mode (e.g., bus, commuter rail, subway combinatio
4851114851114111Local transit systems, mixed mode (e.g., bus, commuter rail, subway combinations)
4851114851114111Mixed mode transit systems (e.g., bus, commuter rail, subway combinations)
4851114851114111Suburban transit systems, mixed mode (e.g., bus, commuter rail, subway combinatio
4851114851114111Transit systems, mixed mode (e.g., bus, commuter rail, subway combinations)
4851114851114111Urban transit systems, mixed mode (e.g., bus, commuter rail, subway combinations)

 485112 Commuter Rail Systems

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating local and suburban commuter rail systems over regular routes and on a regular schedule within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas. Commuter rail is usually characterized by reduced fares, multiple ride, and commutation tickets and mostly used by passengers during the morning and evening peak periods.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4851124851124111Commuter rail systems (except mixed mode)
4851124851124111Local passenger rail systems (except mixed mode)
4851124851124111Rail transportation (except mixed mode), commuter
4851124851124111Railway systems (except mixed mode), commuter
4851124851124111Suburban commuter rail systems (except mixed mode)
4851124851124111Urban commuter rail systems (except mixed mode)

 485113 Bus and Other Motor Vehicle Transit Systems

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating local and suburban passenger transportation systems using buses or other motor vehicles over regular routes and on regular schedules within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4851134851134111Bus line, local (except mixed mode)
4851134851134111Bus services, urban and suburban (except mixed mode)
4851134851134111Bus transit systems (except mixed mode)
4851134851134111City bus services (except mixed mode)
4851134851134111Commuter bus operation (except mixed mode)
4851134851134111Local bus services (except mixed mode)
4851134851134111Suburban bus line services (except mixed mode)
4851134851134111Urban bus line services (except mixed mode)

 485119 Other Urban Transit Systems

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating local and suburban ground passenger transit systems (except mixed mode transit systems, commuter rail systems, and buses and other motor vehicles) over regular routes and on regular schedules within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4851194851194111Cable car systems (except mixed mode), commuter
4851194851194111Light rail systems (except mixed mode), commuter
4851194851194111Monorail transit systems (except mixed mode), commuter
4851194851194111Street railway systems (except mixed mode), commuter
4851194851194111Subway systems (except mixed mode), commuter
4851194851194111Tramway systems (except mixed mode), commuter
4851194851194111Trolley systems (except mixed mode), commuter

 4852 Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation

 48521 Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation

See industry description for 485210 below.

 485210 Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing bus passenger transportation over regular routes and on regular schedules, principally outside a single metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4852104852104131Bus line operation, intercity
4852104852104131Intercity bus line operation
4852104852104131Interstate bus line operation
4852104852104131Interurban bus line operation
4852104852104131Motor coach operation, interurban and rural
4852104852104131Rural bus services

 4853 Taxi and Limousine Service

 48531 Taxi Service

See industry description for 485310 below.

 485310 Taxi Service

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing passenger transportation by automobile or van, not operated over regular routes and on regular schedules. Establishments of taxicab owner/operators, taxicab fleet operators, or taxicab organizations are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4853104853104121Cab (i.e., taxi) services
4853104853104899Taxicab dispatch services
4853104853104121Taxicab fleet operators
4853104853104121Taxicab organizations
4853104853104121Taxicab owner-operators
4853104853104121Taxicab services

 48532 Limousine Service

See industry description for 485320 below.

 485320 Limousine Service

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing an array of specialty and luxury passenger transportation services via limousine or luxury sedans generally on a reserved basis. These establishments do not operate over regular routes and on regular schedules.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4853204853204119Automobile rental with driver (except shuttle service, taxis)
4853204853204119Hearse rental with driver
4853204853204119Limousine services (except shuttle services)
4853204853204119Limousines for hire with driver (except taxis)
4853204853204119Luxury automobiles for hire with driver (except taxis)
4853204853204119Passenger limousine rental with driver (except shuttle service, taxi)
4853204853204119Passenger van rental with driver (except shuttle service, taxi)

 4854 School and Employee Bus Transportation

 48541 School and Employee Bus Transportation

See industry description for 485410 below.

 485410 School and Employee Bus Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing buses and other motor vehicles to transport pupils to and from school or employees to and from work.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4854104854104151Bus operation, school and employee
4854104854104119Employee bus services
4854104854104151School bus services

 4855 Charter Bus Industry

 48551 Charter Bus Industry

See industry description for 485510 below.

 485510 Charter Bus Industry

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing buses for charter. These establishments provide bus services to meet customers' road transportation needs and generally do not operate over fixed routes and on regular schedules.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
485510485510 Bus charter services (except scenic, sightseeing)
485510485510 Charter bus services (except scenic, sightseeing)

 4859 Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation

 48599 Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing other transit and ground passenger transportation (except urban transit systems, interurban and rural bus transportation, taxi services, school and employee bus transportation, charter bus services, and limousine services (except shuttle services)). Shuttle services (except employee bus) and special needs transportation services are included in this industry. Shuttle services establishments generally travel within a metropolitan area and its adjacent nonurban areas on regular routes, on regular schedules and provide services between hotels, airports, or other destination points. Special needs transportation establishments provide passenger transportation to the infirm, elderly, or handicapped. These establishments may use specially equipped vehicles to provide passenger transportation.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 485991 Special Needs Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing special needs transportation (except to and from school or work) to the infirm, elderly, or handicapped. These establishments may use specially equipped vehicles to provide passenger transportation.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4859914859914119Handicapped passenger transportation services
4859914859914119Paratransit transportation services
4859914859914119Senior citizens transportation services
4859914859914119Special needs passenger transportation services

 485999 All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing ground passenger transportation (except urban transit systems; interurban and rural bus transportation, taxi and/or limousine services (except shuttle services), school and employee bus transportation, charter bus services, and special needs transportation). Establishments primarily engaged in operating shuttle services and vanpools are included in this industry. Shuttle services establishments generally provide travel on regular routes and on regular schedules between hotels, airports, or other destination points.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4859994859994111Airport limousine services (i.e., shuttle)
4859994859994111Airport shuttle services
4859994859994119Car pool operation
4859994859994111Shuttle services (except employee bus)
4859994859994119Vanpool operation

486 Pipeline Transportation

 486 Pipeline Transportation

Industries in the Pipeline Transportation subsector use transmission pipelines to transport products,such as crude oil, natural gas, refined petroleum products, and slurry. Industries are identified based on the products transported (i.e., pipeline transportation of crude oil, natural gas, refined petroleum products, and other products).

The Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas industry includes the storage of natural gas because the storage is usually done by the pipeline establishment and because a pipeline is inherently a network in which all the nodes are interdependent.

 4861 Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil

 48611 Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil

See industry description for 486110 below.

 486110 Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of crude oil.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4861104861104612Booster pumping station, crude oil transportation
4861104861104612Crude oil pipeline transportation
4861104861104612Petroleum pipelines, crude
4861104861104612Pipeline transportation, crude oil

 4862 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas

 48621 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas

See industry description for 486210 below.

 486210 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of natural gas from processing plants to local distribution systems.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in providing natural gas to the end consumer are classified in Industry 221210, Natural Gas Distribution.
No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4862104862104922Booster pumping station, natural gas transportation
4862104862104922Gas, natural, pipeline operation
4862104862104922Natural gas pipeline transportation
486210486210 Natural gas transmission (i.e., processing plants to local distribution systems)
4862104862104922Pipeline transportation, natural gas
4862104862104922Storage of natural gas
4862104862104922Transmission of natural gas via pipeline (i.e., processing plants to local distri

 4869 Other Pipeline Transportation

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of products (except crude oil and natural gas).

 48691 Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products

See industry description for 486910 below.

 486910 Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of refined petroleum products.
No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4869104869104613Booster pumping station, refined petroleum products transportation
4869104869104613Gasoline pipeline transportation
4869104869104613Natural gas liquids pipeline transportation
4869104869104613Petroleum pipelines, refined
4869104869104613Pipeline transportation, gasoline and other refined petroleum products
4869104869104613Refined petroleum products pipeline transportation

 48699 All Other Pipeline Transportation

See industry description for 486990 below.

 486990 All Other Pipeline Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of products except crude oil, natural gas, and refined petroleum products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4869904869904619Booster pumping station (except natural gas, petroleum)
4869904869904619Coal pipeline transportation
4869904869904619Pipeline transportation (except crude oil, natural gas, refined petroleum product
4869904869904619Slurry pipeline transportation

487 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation

 487 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation

Industries in the Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation subsector utilize transportation equipment to provide recreation and entertainment. These activities have a production process distinct from passenger transportation carried out for the purpose of other types of for-hire transportation. This process does not emphasize efficient transportation; in fact, such activities often use obsolete vehicles,such as steam trains, to provide some extra ambience. The activity is local in nature, usually involving a same-day return to the point of departure.

The Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation subsector is separated into three industries based on the mode: land, water, and other.

Activities that are recreational in nature and involve participation by the customer,such as white-water rafting, are generally excluded from this subsector, unless they impose an impact on part of the transportation system. Charter boat fishing, for example, is included in the Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water industry.

 4871 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land

 48711 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land

See industry description for 487110 below.

 487110 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation on land,such as sightseeing buses and trolleys, steam train excursions, and horse-drawn sightseeing rides. The services provided are usually local and involve same-day return to place of origin.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4871104871104119Buses, scenic and sightseeing operation
4871104871104119Cable car, land, scenic and sightseeing operation
4871104871104789Carriage, horse-drawn, operation
4871104871104119Cog railway, scenic and sightseeing, operation
4871104871104789Horse-drawn carriage operation
4871104871107999Monorail, scenic and sightseeing, operation
4871104871107999Railroad transportation, scenic and sightseeing
4871104871107999Railroad, scenic and sightseeing, operation
4871104871107999Railway transportation, scenic and sightseeing
4871104871107999Scenic and sightseeing excursions, land
4871104871104119Sightseeing bus operation
4871104871104789Sightseeing operation, human-drawn vehicle
4871104871107999Steam train excursions
4871104871104119Tour bus, scenic and sightseeing, operation
4871104871104789Tracked vehicle sightseeing operation
4871104871107999Trolley, scenic and sightseeing, operation

 4872 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water

 48721 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water

See industry description for 487210 below.

 487210 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation on water. The services provided are usually local and involve same-day return to place of origin.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4872104872104489Airboat (i.e., swamp buggy) operation
4872104872107999Boat, fishing charter, operation
4872104872107999Charter fishing boat operation
4872104872104489Dinner cruises
4872104872104489Excursion boat operation
4872104872107999Fishing boat charter operation
4872104872104489Harbor sightseeing tours
4872104872104489Hovercraft sightseeing operation
4872104872104489Scenic and sightseeing excursions, water
4872104872104489Sightseeing boat operation
4872104872104489Swamp buggy operation
4872104872104489Whale watching excursions

 4879 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other

 48799 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other

See industry description for 487990 below.

 487990 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation (except on land and water). The services provided are usually local and involve same-day return to place of departure.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4879904879907999Aerial cable car, scenic and sightseeing, operation
4879904879907999Aerial tramway, scenic and sightseeing, operation
4879904879904522Glider excursions
4879904879904522Helicopter ride, scenic and sightseeing, operation
4879904879904522Hot air balloon ride, scenic and sightseeing, operation
4879904879907999Scenic and sightseeing excursions, aerial
4879904879907999Tramway, aerial, scenic and sightseeing operation

488 Support Activities for Transportation

 488 Support Activities for Transportation

Industries in the Support Activities for Transportation subsector provide services which support transportation. These services may be provided to transportation carrier establishments or to the general public. This subsector includes a wide array of establishments, including air traffic control services, marine cargo handling, and motor vehicle towing.

The Support Activities for Transportation subsector includes services to transportation but is separated by type of mode serviced. The Support Activities for Rail Transportation industry includes services to the rail industry (e.g., railroad switching and terminal establishments).

Ship repair and maintenance not done in a shipyard are included in Other Support Activities for Water Transportation. An example would be floating drydock services in a harbor.

Excluded from this subsector are establishments primarily engaged in providing factory conversion and overhaul of transportation equipment, which are classified in Subsector 336, Transportation Equipment Manufacturing. Also, establishments primarily engaged in providing rental and leasing of transportation equipment without operator are classified in Subsector 532, Rental and Leasing Services.

 4881 Support Activities for Air Transportation

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services to the air transportation industry. These services include airport operation, servicing, repairing (except factory conversion and overhaul of aircraft), maintaining and storing aircraft, and ferrying aircraft.

 48811 Airport Operations

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating international, national, or civil airports or public flying fields or (2) supporting airport operations (except special food services contractors), such as rental of hangar space, air traffic control services, baggage handling services, and cargo handling services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 488111 Air Traffic Control

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air traffic control services to regulate the flow of air traffic.
No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
488111488111 Air traffic control services (except military)

 488119 Other Airport Operations

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) operating international, national, or civil airports, or public flying fields or (2) supporting airport operations,such as rental of hangar space, and providing baggage handling and/or cargo handling services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4881194881194581Aircraft hangar rental
4881194881194581Aircraft parking service
4881194881194581Airport baggage handling services
4881194881194581Airport cargo handling services
4881194881194581Airport operators (e.g., civil, international, national)
4881194881194581Airport runway maintenance services
4881194881194581Airports, civil, operation and maintenance
4881194881197997Aviation clubs, primarily providing flying field services to the general public
4881194881194581Flying field operators
4881194881194581Hangar rental, aircraft
4881194881194959Maintenance services, runway
4881194881194581Parking services, aircraft
4881194881194581Runway maintenance services
4881194881194959Vacuuming of airport runways

 48819 Other Support Activities for Air Transportation

See industry description for 488190 below.

 488190 Other Support Activities for Air Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing specialized services for air transportation (except air traffic control and other airport operations).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4881904881904581Aircraft ferrying services
4881904881904581Aircraft inspection services
4881904881904581Aircraft maintenance and repair services (except factory conversion, factory over
4881904881904581Aircraft testing services
4881904881904581Fueling aircraft on a contract or fee basis
4881904881904581Independent pilot, air (except owner-operators)
4881904881904581Inspection services, aircraft
4881904881904581Maintenance and repair services, aircraft (except factory conversion, factory ove
4881904881904581Testing services, aircraft

 4882 Support Activities for Rail Transportation

 48821 Support Activities for Rail Transportation

See industry description for 488210 below.

 488210 Support Activities for Rail Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing specialized services for railroad transportation including servicing, routine repairing (except factory conversion, overhaul or rebuilding of rolling stock), and maintaining rail cars; loading and unloading rail cars; and operating independent terminals.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4882104882104741Freight car cleaning services
4882104882104741Grain leveling and trimming in railroad cars
4882104882104789Loading and unloading services at rail terminals
4882104882104789Locomotive and rail car repair (except factory conversion, factory overhaul, fact
4882104882104789Maintenance of rights-of-way and structures, railway
4882104882104013Railroad switching services
4882104882104013Railroad terminals, independent operation
4882104882104013Railway terminals, independent operation
4882104882104789Shunting trailers in rail terminals
4882104882104013Switching services, railroad

 4883 Support Activities for Water Transportation

 48831 Port and Harbor Operations

See industry description for 488310 below.

 488310 Port and Harbor Operations

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating ports, harbors (including docking and pier facilities), or canals.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4883104883104499Canal maintenance services (except dredging)
4883104883104499Canal operation
4883104883104491Docking facility operations
4883104883104491Harbor maintenance services (except dredging)
4883104883104491Harbor operation
4883104883104499Lighthouse operation
4883104883104491Maintenance services, waterfront terminal (except dredging)
4883104883104491Port facility operation
4883104883104499Seaway operation
4883104883104491Waterfront terminal operation (e.g., docks, piers, wharves)
4883104883104491Wharf operation

 48832 Marine Cargo Handling

See industry description for 488320 below.

 488320 Marine Cargo Handling

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing stevedoring and other marine cargo handling services (except warehousing).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4883204883204491Loading and unloading services at ports and harbors
4883204883204491Longshoremen services
4883204883204491Marine cargo handling services
4883204883204491Ship hold cleaning services
4883204883204491Stevedoring services

 48833 Navigational Services to Shipping

See industry description for 488330 below.

 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing navigational services to shipping. Marine salvage establishments are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4883304883304499Cargo salvaging, marine
4883304883304492Docking and undocking marine vessel services
4883304883304492Harbor tugboat services
4883304883304499Marine salvaging services
4883304883304499Marine vessel traffic reporting services
4883304883304499Piloting services, water transportation
4883304883304499Radio beacon (i.e., ship navigation) services
4883304883304492Tugboat services, harbor operation

 48839 Other Support Activities for Water Transportation

See industry description for 488390 below.

 488390 Other Support Activities for Water Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services to water transportation (except port and harbor operations; marine cargo handling services; and navigational services to shipping).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4883904883904785Cargo checkers, marine
4883904883904785Cargo surveyors, marine
4883904883903731Drydocks, floating (i.e., routine repair and maintenance of ships)
4883904883904785Marine cargo checkers and surveyors
4883904883903731Ship dismantling at floating drydock
4883904883907699Ship scaling services not done at a shipyard
4883904883904785Vessel supply services

 4884 Support Activities for Road Transportation

 48841 Motor Vehicle Towing

See industry description for 488410 below.

 488410 Motor Vehicle Towing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in towing light or heavy motor vehicles, both local and long distance. These establishments may provide incidental services,such as storage and emergency road repair services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4884104884107549Emergency road services (i.e., tow service)
4884104884107549Motor vehicle towing services
4884104884107549Tow truck services
4884104884107549Towing services, motor vehicle
4884104884107549Wrecker services (i.e., towing services), motor vehicle

 48849 Other Support Activities for Road Transportation

See industry description for 488490 below.

 488490 Other Support Activities for Road Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services (except motor vehicle towing) to road network users.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4884904884904785Bridge, tunnel, and highway operations
4884904884904173Bus terminal operation, independent
4884904884904785Cargo surveyors, truck transportation
4884904884907389Driving services (e.g., automobile, truck delivery)
488490488490 Independent truck driver (except owner-operators)
4884904884904785Inspection or weighing services, truck transportation
4884904884904231Loading and unloading at truck terminals
4884904884907389Pilot car services (i.e., wide load warning services)
4884904884904231Shunting of trailers in truck terminals
4884904884904959Snow clearing, highways and bridges, road transportation
4884904884904959Snow removal, highway
4884904884904959Street cleaning service
4884904884904785Truck weighing station operation
4884904884904231Trucking terminals, independently operated

 4885 Freight Transportation Arrangement

 48851 Freight Transportation Arrangement

See industry description for 488510 below.

 488510 Freight Transportation Arrangement

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in arranging transportation of freight between shippers and carriers. These establishments are usually known as freight forwarders, marine shipping agents, or customs brokers and offer a combination of services spanning transportation modes.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in tariff and freight rate consulting services are classified in U.S. Industry 541614, Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services.
No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4885104885104731Agents, shipping
4885104885104731Customs brokers
4885104885104731Freight forwarding
4885104885104731Marine shipping agency
4885104885104731Shipping agents (freight forwarding)

 4889 Other Support Activities for Transportation

 48899 Other Support Activities for Transportation

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support activities to transportation (except for air transportation; rail transportation; water transportation; road transportation; and freight transportation arrangement).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

 488991 Packing and Crating

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in packing, crating, and otherwise preparing goods for transportation.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in providing packaging and labeling services are classified in Industry 561910, Packaging and Labeling Services.
No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4889914889914783Crating goods for shipping
4889914889914783Packing and preparing goods for shipping
4889914889914783Preparing goods for transportation (i.e., crating, packing)

 488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support activities to transportation (except for air transportation; rail transportation; water transportation; road transportation; freight transportation arrangement; and packing and crating).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4889994889994729Arrangement of car pools and vanpools
4889994889994729Car pools, arrangement of
4889994889994789Pipeline terminal facilities, independently operated
4889994889994789Stockyards (i.e., not for fattening or selling livestock), transportation
4889994889994729Vanpools, arrangement of

491 Postal Service

 491 Postal Service

The Postal Service subsector includes the activities of the National Post Office and its subcontractors in delivering letters and small parcels, normally without pick-up at the sender's location. These articles can be described as those that can be handled by one person without using special equipment. This allows the collection, pick-up, and delivery operations to be done with limited labor costs and minimal equipment. Sorting and transportation activities, where necessary, are generally mechanized. The restriction to small parcels distinguishes these establishments from those in the transportation industries.

The traditional activity of the National Postal Service is described in this subsector. Subcontractors include rural Post Offices on contract to the Postal Service.

Bulk transportation of mail on contract to the Postal Service is not included here, because it is usually done by transportation establishments that carry other customers' cargo as well.

 4911 Postal Service

 49111 Postal Service

See industry description for 491110 below.

 491110 Postal Service

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating the National Postal Service. Establishments primarily engaged in performing one or more postal services, such as sorting, routing, and/or delivery, on a contract basis (except the bulk transportation of mail) are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4911104911104311Postal delivery services, local, operated by U.S. Postal Service
4911104911107389Postal delivery services, local, operated on a contract basis
4911104911104311Postal services operated by U.S. Postal Service
4911104911104311Postal stations operated by U.S. Postal Service
4911104911107389Postal stations operated on a contract basis

492 Couriers and Messengers

 492 Couriers and Messengers

Industries in the Couriers and Messengers subsector provide intercity and/or local delivery of parcels. These articles can be described as those that may be handled by one person without using special equipment. This allows the collection, pick-up, and delivery operations to be done with limited labor costs and minimal equipment. Sorting and transportation activities, where necessary, are generally mechanized. The restriction to small parcels partly distinguishes these establishments from those in the transportation industries. The complete network of courier services establishments also distinguishes these transportation services from local messenger and delivery establishments in this subsector. This includes the establishments that perform intercity transportation as well as establishments that, under contract to them, perform local pick-up and delivery. Messengers, which usually deliver within a metropolitan or single urban area, may use bicycle, foot, small truck, or van.

 4921 Couriers

 49211 Couriers

See industry description for 492110 below.

 492110 Couriers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing air, surface, or combined courier delivery services of parcels generally between metropolitan areas or urban centers. The establishments of this industry form a network including courier local pick-up and delivery to serve their customers' needs.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4921104921104513Air courier services
4921104921104215Courier services (i.e., intercity network)
4921104921104215Local letter and parcel delivery services as part of intercity courier network

 4922 Local Messengers and Local Delivery

 49221 Local Messengers and Local Delivery

See industry description for 492210 below.

 492210 Local Messengers and Local Delivery

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing local messenger and delivery services of small items within a single metropolitan area or within an urban center. These establishments generally provide point-to-point pickup and delivery and do not operate as part of an intercity courier network.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4922104922104215Alcoholic beverage delivery service
4922104922104215Bicycle courier
4922104922104215Delivery service (except as part of intercity carrier network, U.S. Postal Servic
4922104922104215Grocery delivery services (i.e., independent service from grocery store)
4922104922104215Local letter and parcel delivery services (except as part of intercity carrier ne
4922104922104215Messenger service
4922104922104215Restaurant meals delivery services (i.e., independent delivery services)

93 Warehousing and Storage

 493 Warehousing and Storage

Industries in the Warehousing and Storage subsector are primarily engaged in operating warehousing and storage facilities for general merchandise, refrigerated goods, and other warehouse products. These establishments provide facilities to store goods. They do not sell the goods they handle. These establishments take responsibility for storing the goods and keeping them secure. They may also provide a range of services, often referred to as logistics services, related to the distribution of goods. Logistics services can include labeling, breaking bulk, inventory control and management, light assembly, order entry and fulfillment, packaging, pick and pack, price marking and ticketing, and transportation arrangement. However, establishments in this industry group always provide warehousing or storage services in addition to any logistic services. Furthermore, the warehousing or storage of goods must be more than incidental to the performance of services, such as price marking.

Bonded warehousing and storage services and warehouses located in free trade zones are included in the industries of this subsector.

 4931 Warehousing and Storage

 49311 General Warehousing and Storage

See industry description for 493110 below.

 493110 General Warehousing and Storage

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating merchandise warehousing and storage facilities. These establishments generally handle goods in containers, such as boxes, barrels, and/or drums, using equipment, such as forklifts, pallets, and racks. They are not specialized in handling bulk products of any particular type, size, or quantity of goods or products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4931104931104225Bonded warehousing, general merchandise
4931104931104225General warehousing and storage
493110493110 Private warehousing and storage, general merchandise
4931104931104225Public warehousing and storage (except self storage), general merchandise
4931104931104226Warehousing (including foreign trade zones), general merchandise
4931104931104225Warehousing and storage, general merchandise

 49312 Refrigerated Warehousing and Storage

See industry description for 493120 below.

 493120 Refrigerated Warehousing and Storage

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating refrigerated warehousing and storage facilities. Establishments primarily engaged in the storage of furs for the trade are included in this industry. The services provided by these establishments include blast freezing, tempering, and modified atmosphere storage services.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in storing furs (except for the trade) and garments are classified in Industry 812320, Drycleaning and Laundry Services (except Coin-Operated).
No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4931204931204222Bonded warehousing, refrigerated
4931204931204222Cold storage locker services
4931204931204222Cold storage warehousing
4931204931204222Farm product warehousing and storage, refrigerated
4931204931204226Fur storage warehousing for the trade
493120493120 Private warehousing and storage, refrigerated
4931204931204222Public warehousing and storage, refrigerated
4931204931204222Refrigerated warehousing
4931204931204222Warehousing, refrigerated

 49313 Farm Product Warehousing and Storage

See industry description for 493130 below.

 493130 Farm Product Warehousing and Storage

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating bulk farm product warehousing and storage facilities (except refrigerated). Grain elevators primarily engaged in storage are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4931304931304221Bonded warehousing, farm products (except refrigerated)
4931304931304221Farm product warehousing and storage (except refrigerated)
4931304931304221Grain elevators, storage only
4931304931304221Private warehousing and storage, farm products (except refrigerated)
4931304931304221Public warehousing and storage, farm products (except refrigerated)
4931304931304221Warehousing, farm products (except refrigerated)

 49319 Other Warehousing and Storage

See industry description for 493190 below.

 493190 Other Warehousing and Storage

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating warehousing and storage facilities (except general merchandise, refrigerated, and farm product warehousing and storage).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

No change 1997 to 2002 2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC 1997Economic Census Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC
2002
NAICS		1997
NAICS		1987
SIC		Corresponding Index Entries
4931904931904226Automobile dead storage
4931904931904226Bonded warehousing (except farm products, general merchandise, refrigerated)
4931904931904226Bulk petroleum storage
4931904931904226Lumber storage terminals
4931904931904226Private warehousing and storage (except farm products, general merchandise, refri
4931904931904226Public warehousing and storage (except farm products, general merchandise, refrig
4931904931904226Warehousing (except farm products, general merchandise, refrigerated)
4931904931904226Whiskey warehousing