31-33 Manufacturing

 31-33 Manufacturing

The Sector as a Whole

The Manufacturing sector comprises establishments engaged in the mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products. The assembling of component parts of manufactured products is considered manufacturing, except in cases where the activity is appropriately classified in Sector 23, Construction.

Establishments in the Manufacturing sector are often described as plants, factories, or mills and characteristically use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. However, establishments that transform materials or substances into new products by hand or in the worker's home and those engaged in selling to the general public products made on the same premises from which they are sold, such as bakeries, candy stores, and custom tailors, may also be included in this sector. Manufacturing establishments may process materials or may contract with other establishments to process their materials for them. Both types of establishments are included in manufacturing.

The materials, substances, or components transformed by manufacturing establishments are raw materials that are products of agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, or quarrying as well as products of other manufacturing establishments. The materials used may be purchased directly from producers, obtained through customary trade channels, or secured without recourse to the market by transferring the product from one establishment to another, under the same ownership. The new product of a manufacturing establishment may be finished in the sense that it is ready for utilization or consumption, or it may be semifinished to become an input for an establishment engaged in further manufacturing. For example, the product of the alumina refinery is the input used in the primary production of aluminum; primary aluminum is the input to an aluminum wire drawing plant; and aluminum wire is the input for a fabricated wire product manufacturing establishment.

The subsectors in the Manufacturing sector generally reflect distinct production processes related to material inputs, production equipment, and employee skills. In the machinery area, where assembling is a key activity, parts and accessories for manufactured products are classified in the industry of the finished manufactured item when they are made for separate sale. For example, a replacement refrigerator door would be classified with refrigerators and an attachment for a piece of metal working machinery would be classified with metal working machinery. However, components, input from other manufacturing establishments, are classified based on the production function of the component manufacturer. For example, electronic components are classified in Subsector 334, Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing and stampings are classified in Subsector 332, Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing.

Manufacturing establishments often perform one or more activities that are classified outside the Manufacturing sector of NAICS. For instance, almost all manufacturing has some captive research and development or administrative operations, such as accounting, payroll, or management. These captive services are treated the same as captive manufacturing activities. When the services are provided by separate establishments, they are classified to the NAICS sector where such services are primary, not in manufacturing.

The boundaries of manufacturing and the other sectors of the classification system can be somewhat blurry. The establishments in the manufacturing sector are engaged in the transformation of materials into new products. Their output is a new product. However, the definition of what constitutes a new product can be somewhat subjective. As clarification, the following activities are considered manufacturing in NAICS: Milk bottling and pasteurizing; Water bottling and processing; Fresh fish packaging (oyster shucking, fish filleting); Apparel jobbing (assigning of materials to contract factories or shops for fabrication or other contract operations) as well as contracting on materials owned by others; Printing and related activities; Ready-mixed concrete production; Leather converting; Grinding of lenses to prescription; Wood preserving; Electroplating, plating, metal heat treating, and polishing for the trade; Lapidary work for the trade; Fabricating signs and advertising displays; Rebuilding or remanufacturing machinery (i.e., automotive parts) Ship repair and renovation; Machine shops; and Tire retreading. Conversely, there are activities that are sometimes considered manufacturing, but which for NAICS are classified in another sector (i.e., not classified as manufacturing). They include: 1.

Logging, classified in Sector 11, Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting is considered a harvesting operation; 2. The beneficiating of ores and other minerals, classified in Sector 21, Mining, is considered part of the activity of mining; 3. The construction of structures and fabricating operations performed at the site of construction by contractors, is classified in Sector 23, Construction; 4. Establishments engaged in breaking of bulk and redistribution in smaller lots, including packaging, repackaging, or bottling products, such as liquors or chemicals; the customized assembly of computers; sorting of scrap; mixing paints to customer order; and cutting metals to customer order, classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, produce a modified version of the same product, not a new product; and 5.

Publishing and the combined activity of publishing and printing, classified in Sector 51, Information, perform the transformation of information into a product where as the value of the product to the consumer lies in the information content, not in the format in which it is distributed (i.e., the book or software diskette).

311 Food Manufacturing

 311 Food Manufacturing

Industries in the Food Manufacturing subsector transform livestock and agricultural products into products for intermediate or final consumption. The industry groups are distinguished by the raw materials (generally of animal or vegetable origin) processed into food products.

The food products manufactured in these establishments are typically sold to wholesalers or retailers for distribution to consumers, but establishments primarily engaged in retailing bakery and candy products made on the premises not for immediate consumption are included.

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing beverages are classified in Subsector 312, Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing.

 3111 Animal Food Manufacturing

 31111 Animal Food Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing food and feed for animals from ingredients, such as grains, oilseed mill products, and meat products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Slaughtering animals for feed--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

• Manufacturing vitamins and minerals for animals--are classified in Industry 32541, Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing.

 311111 Dog and Cat Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dog and cat food from ingredients, such as grains, oilseed mill products, and meat products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing food for animals (except dog and cat)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311119, Other Animal Food Manufacturing;

• Slaughtering animals for feed--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

• Manufacturing vitamins and minerals for dogs and cats--are classified in Industry 32541, Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing.

 311119 Other Animal Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing animal food (except dog and cat) from ingredients, such as grains, oilseed mill products, and meat products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing dog and cat foods--are classified in U.S. Industry 311111, Dog and Cat Food Manufacturing;

• Slaughtering animals for feed--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

• Manufacturing vitamins and minerals for animals--are classified in Industry 32541, Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing.

 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling

 31121 Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) milling flour or meal from grains or vegetables; (2) preparing flour mixes or doughs from flour milled in the same establishment; (3) milling, cleaning, and polishing rice; and (4) manufacturing malt from barley, rye, or other grains.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Preparing breakfast cereals from flour milled in the same establishment--are classified in Industry 311230, Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing;

• Crushing soybeans or wet milling corn and vegetables--are classified in Industry 31122, Starch and Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing prepared flour mixes or doughs from flour ground elsewhere--are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing;

• Brewing malt beverages are classified in Industry 312120, Breweries;

• Mixing purchased dried and dehydrated ingredients with purchased rice--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

• Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with purchased rice--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying; and

• Manufacturing malt extract and syrups--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing.

 311211 Flour Milling

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) milling flour or meal from grains (except rice) or vegetables and/or (2) milling flour and preparing flour mixes or doughs.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Preparing breakfast cereals from flour milled in the same establishment--are classified in Industry 311230, Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing prepared flour mixes or doughs from flour ground elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 311822, Flour Mixes and Dough Manufacturing from Purchased Flour;

• Milling rice or cleaning and polishing rice--are classified in U.S. Industry 311212, Rice Milling;

• Wet milling corn and vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling; and

• Crushing soybean and extracting soybean oil--are classified in U.S. Industry 311222, Soybean Processing.

 311212 Rice Milling

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) milling rice; (2) cleaning and polishing rice; or (3) milling, cleaning, and polishing rice. The establishments in this industry may package the rice they mill with other ingredients.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with purchased rice--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing; and

• Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients with purchased rice--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing.

 311213 Malt Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing malt from barley, rye, or other grains.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Brewing malt beverages--are classified in Industry 312120, Breweries; and

• Manufacturing malt extract and syrups--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing.

 31122 Starch and Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) wet milling corn and vegetables; (2) crushing oilseeds and tree nuts; (3) refining and/or blending vegetable oils; (4) manufacturing shortening and margarine; and (5) blending purchased animal fats with vegetable fats.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup and starch base dessert powders--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

• Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming;

• Milling flour or meal from grains and vegetables--are classified in Industry 31121, Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing;

• Wet milling corn to produce nonpotable ethyl alcohol--are classified in Industry 32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing;

• Rendering or refining animal fats and oils--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

• Manufacturing laundry starches--are classified in Industry 32561, Soap and Cleaning Compound Manufacturing.

 311221 Wet Corn Milling

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in wet milling corn and other vegetables (except to make ethyl alcohol). Examples of products made in these establishments are corn sweeteners, such as glucose, dextrose, and fructose; corn oil; and starches (except laundry).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Refining and/or blending corn oil from purchased oils--are classified in U.S. Industry 311225, Fats and Oils Refining and Blending;

• Manufacturing sweetening syrups from corn syrup and starch base dessert powders--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing;

• Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming;

• Milling (except wet milling) corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 311211, Flour Milling;

• Wet milling corn to produce nonpotable ethyl alcohol--are classified in U.S. Industry 325193, Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing laundry starches--are classified in U.S. Industry 325612, Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing.

 311222 Soybean Processing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments engaged in crushing soybeans. Examples of products produced in these establishments are soybean oil, soybean cake and meal, and soybean protein isolates and concentrates.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Refining and/or blending soybean oil from purchased oil--are classified in U.S. Industry 311225, Fats and Oils Refining and Blending;

• Wet milling corn and other vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling; and

• Crushing oilseeds (except soybeans) and tree nuts--are classified in U.S. Industry 311223, Other Oilseed Processing.

 311223 Other Oilseed Processing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments engaged in crushing oilseeds (except soybeans) and tree nuts, such as cottonseeds, linseeds, peanuts, and sunflower seeds.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Wet milling corn and other vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling;

• Crushing soybeans--are classified in U.S. Industry 311222, Soybean Processing; and

• Refining and/or blending vegetable, oilseed, and tree nut oils from purchased oils--are classified in U.S. Industry 311225, Fats and Oils Refining and Blending.

 311225 Fats and Oils Refining and Blending

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing shortening and margarine from purchased fats and oils; (2) refining and/or blending vegetable, oilseed, and tree nut oils from purchased oils; and (3) blending purchased animal fats with purchased vegetable fats.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Refining and/or blending soybean oil in soybean crushing mills--are classified in U.S. Industry 311222, Soybean Processing;

• Refining and/or blending corn oil made by wet corn milling--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling;

• Refining and/or blending oilseeds (except soybeans) and tree nuts in crushing mills--are classified in U.S. Industry 311223, Other Oilseed Processing; and

• Rendering or refining animal fats and oils--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing.

 31123 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing

See industry description for 311230 below.

 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing breakfast cereal foods.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing nonchocolate-coated granola bars and other types of breakfast bars--are classified in Industry 311340, Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing chocolate-coated granola bars from purchased chocolate--are classified in Industry 311330, Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate;

• Manufacturing chocolate-coated granola bars from cacao beans--are classified in Industry 311320, Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing from Cacao Beans; and

• Manufacturing coffee substitutes from grain--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing.

 3113 Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing

This industry group comprises (1) establishments that process agricultural inputs, such as sugarcane, beet, and cacao, to give rise to a new product (sugar or chocolate), and (2) those that begin with sugar and chocolate and process these further.

 31131 Sugar Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing raw sugar, liquid sugar, and refined sugar from sugarcane, raw cane sugar and sugarbeets.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing corn sweeteners by wet milling corn--are classified in Industry 31122, Starch and Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup and starch base dessert powders--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

• Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming; and

• Manufacturing synthetic sweeteners (i.e., sweetening agents), such as saccharin and sugar substitutes (i.e., synthetic sweetener blended with other ingredients),--are classified in Subsector 325, Chemical Manufacturing.

 311311 Sugarcane Mills

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in processing sugarcane.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing refined cane sugar from raw cane sugar--are classified in U.S. Industry 311312, Cane Sugar Refining;

• Manufacturing beet sugar--are classified in U.S. Industry 311313, Beet Sugar Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing corn sweeteners by wet milling corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling;

• Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing synthetic sweeteners (i.e., sweetening agents), such as saccharin and sugar substitutes (i.e., synthetic sweetener blended with other ingredients),--are classified in Subsector 325, Chemical Manufacturing.

 311312 Cane Sugar Refining

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in refining cane sugar from raw cane sugar.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Processing and refining sugarcane--are classified in U.S. Industry 311311, Sugarcane Mills;

• Manufacturing beet sugar--are classified in U.S. Industry 311313, Beet Sugar Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing corn sweeteners by wet milling corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling;

• Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming;

• Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing synthetic sweeteners (i.e., sweetening agents), such as saccharin and sugar substitutes (i.e., synthetic sweetener blended with other ingredients),--are classified in Subsector 325, Chemical Manufacturing.

 311313 Beet Sugar Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing refined beet sugar from sugarbeets.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing raw cane sugar and/or refined cane sugar from sugarcane--are classified in U.S. Industry 311311, Sugarcane Mills;

• Manufacturing refined cane sugar from raw cane sugar--are classified in U.S. Industry 311312, Cane Sugar Refining;

• Manufacturing corn sweeteners by wet milling corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 311221, Wet Corn Milling;

• Manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing;

• Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming; and

• Manufacturing synthetic sweeteners (i.e., sweetening agents), such as saccharin and sugar substitutes (i.e., synthetic sweetener blended with other ingredients),--are classified in Subsector 325, Chemical Manufacturing.

 31132 Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing from Cacao Beans

See industry description for 311320 below.

 311320 Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing from Cacao Beans

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in shelling, roasting, and grinding cacao beans and making chocolate cacao products and chocolate confectioneries.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing, not for immediate consumption, chocolate confectioneries from chocolate made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 311330, Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate;

• Manufacturing, not for immediate consumption, nonchocolate candies--are classified in Industry 311340, Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing;

• Preparing and selling confectioneries for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722213, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; and

• Retailing confectioneries not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores.

 31133 Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate

See industry description for 311330 below.

 311330 Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chocolate confectioneries from chocolate produced elsewhere. Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in retailing chocolate confectionery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from chocolate made elsewhere.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing chocolate confectioneries from cacao beans are classified in Industry 311320, Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing from Cacao Beans;

• Manufacturing nonchocolate confectioneries--are classified in Industry 311340, Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing;

• Retailing confectioneries not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores; and

• Preparing and selling confectioneries for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722213, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars.

 31134 Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing

See industry description for 311340 below.

 311340 Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing nonchocolate confectioneries. Included in this industry are establishments primary engaged in retailing nonchocolate confectionery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing chocolate confectioneries from cacao beans--are classified in Industry 311320, Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing from Cacao Beans;

• Manufacturing chocolate confectioneries from chocolate made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 311330, Confectionery Manufacturing from Purchased Chocolate;

• Retailing confectioneries not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445292, Confectionery and Nut Stores;

• Preparing and selling confectioneries for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722213, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars; and

• Roasting, salting, drying, cooking, or canning nuts and seeds--are classified in U.S. Industry 311911, Roasted Nuts and Peanut Butter Manufacturing.

 3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing

This industry group includes (1) establishments that freeze food and (2) those that use preservation processes, such as pickling, canning, and dehydrating. Both types begin their production process with inputs of vegetable or animal origin.

 31141 Frozen Food Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen fruit, frozen juices, frozen vegetables, and frozen specialty foods (except seafood), such as frozen dinners, entrees, and side dishes; frozen pizza; frozen whipped toppings; and frozen waffles, pancakes, and french toast.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing frozen dairy specialties--are classified in Industry 311520, Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing frozen bakery products--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing frozen seafood products--are classified in Industry 31171, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging; and

• Manufacturing frozen meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing.

 311411 Frozen Fruit, Juice, and Vegetable Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen fruits; frozen vegetables; and frozen fruit juices, ades, drinks, cocktail mixes and concentrates.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen specialty foods are classified in U.S. Industry 311412, Frozen Specialty Food Manufacturing.

 311412 Frozen Specialty Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen specialty foods (except seafood), such as frozen dinners, entrees, and side dishes; frozen pizza; frozen whipped topping; and frozen waffles, pancakes, and french toast.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing frozen dairy specialties--are classified in Industry 311520, Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing frozen bakery products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311813, Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing frozen fruits, frozen fruit juices, and frozen vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 311411, Frozen Fruit, Juice, and Vegetable Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing frozen meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

• Manufacturing frozen seafood products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311712, Fresh and Frozen Seafood Processing.

 31142 Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing canned, pickled, and dried fruits, vegetables, and specialty foods. Establishments in this industry may package the dried or dehydrated ingredients they make with other purchased ingredients. Examples of products made by these establishments are canned juices; canned baby foods; canned soups (except seafood); canned dry beans; canned tomato-based sauces, such as catsup, salsa, chili, spaghetti, barbeque, and tomato paste, pickles, relishes, jams and jellies, dried soup mixes and bullions, and sauerkraut.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing canned dairy products--are classified in Industry 31151, Dairy Product (except Frozen) Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing canned seafood soups and seafood products--are classified in Industry 31171, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging;

• Manufacturing canned meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing;

• Milling rice and packaging it with other ingredients or manufacturing vegetable flours and meals--are classified in Industry 31121, Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing dry pasta and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing;

• Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated potatoes, rice, and pasta and packaging them with other purchased ingredients; mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for soup mixes and bouillon; and manufacturing canned puddings--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing dry salad dressing and dry sauce mixes--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing canned fruit and vegetable drinks, cocktails, and-ades--are classified in Industry 31211, Soft Drink and Ice Manufacturing.

 311421 Fruit and Vegetable Canning

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing canned, pickled, and brined fruits and vegetables. Examples of products made in these establishments are canned juices; canned jams and jellies; canned tomato-based sauces, such as catsup, salsa, chili, spaghetti, barbeque, and tomato paste; pickles, relishes, and sauerkraut.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing canned baby foods, canned soups (except seafood), and canned specialty foods (except seafood)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311422, Specialty Canning;

• Manufacturing canned seafood soups and canned seafood products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311711, Seafood Canning;

• Manufacturing canned meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

• Manufacturing canned fruit and vegetable drinks, cocktails, and-ades--are classified in U.S. Industry 312111, Soft Drink Manufacturing.

 311422 Specialty Canning

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing canned specialty foods. Examples of products made in these establishments are canned baby food, canned baked beans, canned soups (except seafood), canned spaghetti, and other canned nationality foods.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing canned dairy products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311514, Dry, Condensed, and Evaporated Dairy Product Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing canned fruits, canned vegetables, and canned juices--are classified in U.S. Industry 311421, Fruit and Vegetable Canning;

• Manufacturing canned seafood soups and canned seafood products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311711, Seafood Canning;

• Manufacturing canned meat products--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

• Manufacturing canned puddings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing.

 311423 Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) drying (including freeze-dried) and/or dehydrating fruits, vegetables, and soup mixes and bouillon and/or (2) drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with other purchased ingredients, such as rice and dry pasta.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Milling rice and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311212, Rice Milling;

• Manufacturing dry pasta and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311823, Dry Pasta Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing vegetable flours and meals--are classified in U.S. Industry 311211, Flour Milling;

• Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated potatoes, rice, and dry pasta, and packaging them with other purchased ingredients, and mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing dry salad dressing and dry sauce mixes--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing.

 3115 Dairy Product Manufacturing

This industry group comprises establishments that manufacture dairy products from raw milk, processed milk, and dairy substitutes.

 31151 Dairy Product (except Frozen) Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing dairy products (except frozen) from raw milk and/or processed milk products; (2) manufacturing dairy substitutes (except frozen) from soybeans and other nondairy substances; and (3) manufacturing dry, condensed, concentrated, and evaporated dairy and dairy substitute products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing cheese-based salad dressings--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing margarine or margarine-butter blends--are classified in Industry 31122, Starch and Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing frozen whipped toppings--are classified in Industry 31141, Frozen Food Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing ice cream, frozen yogurt, and other frozen dairy desserts--are classified in Industry 311520, Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing.

 311511 Fluid Milk Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing processed milk products, such as pasteurized milk or cream and sour cream and/or (2) manufacturing fluid milk dairy substitutes from soybeans and other nondairy substances.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing dry mix whipped toppings, canned milk, and ultra high temperature milk-- are classified in U.S. Industry 311514, Dry, Condensed, and Evaporated Dairy Product Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing frozen whipped toppings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311412, Frozen Specialty Food Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing ice cream and frozen yogurt and other frozen desserts--are classified in Industry 311520, Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing.

 311512 Creamery Butter Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing creamery butter from milk and/or processed milk products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing margarine or margarine-butter blends are classified in U.S. Industry 311225, Fats and Oils Refining and Blending.

 311513 Cheese Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing cheese products (except cottage cheese) from raw milk and/or processed milk products and/or (2) manufacturing cheese substitutes from soybean and other nondairy substances.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing cheese-based salad dressings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311941, Mayonnaise, Dressing, and Other Prepared Sauce Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing cottage cheese--are classified in U.S. Industry 311511, Fluid Milk Manufacturing.

 311514 Dry, Condensed, and Evaporated Dairy Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dry, condensed, and evaporated milk and dairy substitute products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing fluid milk products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311511, Fluid Milk Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing creamery butter--are classified in U.S. Industry 311512, Creamery Butter Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing cheese products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311513, Cheese Manufacturing.

 31152 Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing

See industry description for 311520 below.

 311520 Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ice cream, frozen yogurts, frozen ices, sherbets, frozen tofu, and other frozen desserts (except bakery products).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing frozen bakery products are classified in U.S. Industry 311813, Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing ice cream and ice milk mixes--are classified in U.S. Industry 311514, Dry, Condensed, and Evaporated Dairy Product Manufacturing.

 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing

 31161 Animal Slaughtering and Processing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) slaughtering animals; (2) preparing processed meats and meat byproducts; and (3) rendering and/or refining animal fat, bones, and meat scraps. This industry includes establishments primarily engaged in assembly cutting and packing of meats (i.e., boxed meats) from purchased carcasses.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing canned meat for baby food--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying;

• Manufacturing meat-based animal feeds from carcasses--are classified in Industry 31111, Animal Food Manufacturing;

• Blending purchased animal fats with vegetable fats--are classified in Industry 31122, Starch and Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing canned and frozen specialty foods containing meat, such as nationality foods (e.g., enchiladas, pizza, egg rolls) and frozen dinners,--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing;

• Drying, freezing, or breaking eggs--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; and

• Cutting meat (except box meat)--are classified in Industry 424470, Meat and Meat Product Merchant Wholesalers.

 311611 Animal (except Poultry) Slaughtering

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in slaughtering animals (except poultry and small game). Establishments that slaughter and prepare meats are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Processing meat and meat byproducts (except poultry and small game) from purchased meats--are classified in U.S. Industry 311612, Meat Processed from Carcasses;

• Slaughtering and/or processing poultry and small game--are classified in U.S. Industry 311615, Poultry Processing;

• Rendering lard and other animal fats and oils, animal fat, bones, and meat scraps--are classified in U.S. Industry 311613, Rendering and Meat Byproduct Processing; and

• Manufacturing canned and frozen specialty foods containing meat, such as nationality foods (e.g., enchiladas, egg rolls, pizza) and frozen dinners,--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing.

 311612 Meat Processed from Carcasses

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in processing or preserving meat and meat byproducts (except poultry and small game) from purchased meats. This industry includes establishments primarily engaged in assembly cutting and packing of meats (i.e., boxed meats) from purchased meats.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Slaughtering animals (except poultry and small game)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311611, Animal (except Poultry) Slaughtering;

• Slaughtering poultry and small game--are classified in U.S. Industry 311615, Poultry Processing;

• Rendering animal fat, bones, and meat scraps--are classified in U.S. Industry 311613, Rendering and Meat Byproduct Processing;

• Manufacturing canned meats for baby food--are classified in U.S. Industry 311422, Specialty Canning;

• Manufacturing meat-based animal feeds from carcasses--are classified in Industry 31111, Animal Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing canned and frozen specialty foods containing meat, such as nationality foods (e.g., enchiladas, egg rolls, pizza) and frozen dinners,--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing; and

• Cutting meat (except boxed meat)--are classified in U.S. Industry 424470, Meat and Meat Product Merchant Wholesalers.

 311613 Rendering and Meat Byproduct Processing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in rendering animal fat, bones, and meat scraps.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in blending purchased animal fats with vegetable fats are classified in U.S. Industry 311225, Fats and Oils Refining and Blending.

 311615 Poultry Processing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) slaughtering poultry and small game and/or (2) preparing processed poultry and small game meat and meat byproducts.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Slaughtering animals (except poultry and small game) and/or preparing meats--are classified in U.S. Industry 311611, Animal (except Poultry) Slaughtering;

• Preparing meat and meat byproducts (except poultry and small game) from purchased meats--are classified in U.S. Industry 311612, Meat Processed from Carcasses;

• Rendering animal fat, bones, and meat scraps--are classified in U.S. Industry 311613, Rendering and Meat Byproduct Processing;

• Canning poultry and small game for baby food--are classified in U.S. Industry 311422, Specialty Canning;

• Producing meat-based animal feeds from carcasses--are classified in Industry 31111, Animal Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing canned and frozen meat products, such as nationality foods (e.g., enchiladas, egg rolls, pizza) and frozen dinners,--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing; and

• Drying, freezing, and breaking eggs--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing.

 3117 Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging

 31171 Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) canning seafood (including soup); (2) smoking, salting, and drying seafood; (3) eviscerating fresh fish by removing heads, fins, scales, bones, and entrails; (4) shucking and packing fresh shellfish; (5) processing marine fats and oils; and (6) freezing seafood. Establishments known as "floating factory ships" that are engaged in the gathering and processing of seafood into canned seafood products are included in this industry.

 311711 Seafood Canning

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) canning seafood (including soup) and marine fats and oils and/or (2) smoking, salting, and drying seafood. Establishments known as "floating factory ships" that are engaged in the gathering and processing of seafood into canned seafood products are included in this industry.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in preparing fresh and frozen seafood and marine fats and oils are classified in U.S. Industry 311712, Fresh and Frozen Seafood Processing.

 311712 Fresh and Frozen Seafood Processing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) eviscerating fresh fish by removing heads, fins, scales, bones, and entrails; (2) shucking and packing fresh shellfish; (3) manufacturing frozen seafood; and (4) processing fresh and frozen marine fats and oils.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in canning and curing seafood are classified in U.S. Industry 311711, Seafood Canning.

 3118 Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing

 31181 Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fresh and frozen bread and other bakery products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing cookies and crackers--are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing;

• Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 72221, Limited-Service Eating Places;

• Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 44529, Other Specialty Food Stores; and

• Manufacturing pretzels (except soft)--are classified in Industry 31191, Snack Food Manufacturing.

 311811 Retail Bakeries

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing bread and other bakery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from flour, not from prepared dough.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores;

• Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722213, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars;

• Manufacturing fresh or frozen breads and other fresh bakery (except cookies and crackers) products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311812, Commercial Bakeries; and

• Manufacturing cookies and crackers--are classified in U.S. Industry 311821, Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing.

 311812 Commercial Bakeries

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing fresh and frozen bread and bread-type rolls and other fresh bakery (except cookies and crackers) products.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Retailing bread and other bakery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from flour, not from prepared dough--are classified in U.S. Industry 311811, Retail Bakeries;

• Manufacturing frozen bakery products (except bread)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311813, Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing;

• Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722213, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars;

• Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores;

• Manufacturing cookies and crackers--are classified in U.S. Industry 311821, Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing pretzels (except soft)--are classified in U.S. Industry 311919, Other Snack Food Manufacturing.

 311813 Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen bakery products (except bread), such as cakes, pies, and doughnuts.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing frozen breads--are classified in U.S. Industry 311812, Commercial Bakeries;

• Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made on the premises from flour, not from prepared dough--are classified in U.S. Industry 311811, Retail Bakeries;

• Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722213, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars;

• Manufacturing cookies and crackers--are classified in U.S. Industry 311821, Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing; and

• Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores.

 31182 Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) manufacturing cookies and crackers; (2) preparing flour and dough mixes and dough from flour ground elsewhere; and (3) manufacturing dry pasta. The establishments in this industry may package the dry pasta they manufacture with other ingredients.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Preparing and selling bakery products (eg., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in Industry 72221, Limited-Service Eating Places;

• Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 44529, Other Specialty Food Stores;

• Manufacturing bakery products (e.g., bread, cookies, pies)--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing;

• Milling flour and preparing flour mixes or doughs--are classified in Industry 31121, Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing canned pasta specialties--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying;

• Manufacturing fresh pasta--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing pretzels (except soft)--are classified in Industry 31191, Snack Food Manufacturing;

• Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients with purchased dry pasta--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing; and

• Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with purchased dry pasta--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying.

 311821 Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cookies, crackers, and other products, such as ice cream cones.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Preparing and selling bakery products (e.g., cookies, pretzels) for immediate consumption--are classified in U.S. Industry 722213, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars;

• Retailing bakery products not for immediate consumption made elsewhere--are classified in U.S. Industry 445291, Baked Goods Stores;

• Manufacturing bakery products (e.g., breads, cookies, pies)--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing pretzels (except soft) are classified in U.S. Industry 311919, Other Snack Food Manufacturing.

 311822 Flour Mixes and Dough Manufacturing from Purchased Flour

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing prepared flour mixes or dough mixes from flour ground elsewhere.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in milling flour and preparing flour mixes or doughs are classified in U.S. Industry 311211, Flour Milling.

 311823 Dry Pasta Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dry pasta. The establishments in this industry may package the dry pasta they manufacture with other ingredients.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing fresh pasta--are classified in U.S. Industry 311991, Perishable Prepared Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing pasta specialties--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing;

• Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients with purchased dry pasta--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; and

• Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients packaged with purchased dry pasta--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing.

 31183 Tortilla Manufacturing

See industry description for 311830 below.

 311830 Tortilla Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing tortillas.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing canned nationality foods using tortillas--are classified in U.S. Industry 311422, Specialty Canning;

• Manufacturing frozen nationality foods using tortillas--are classified in U.S. Industry 311412, Frozen Specialty Food Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing tortilla chips--are classified in U.S. Industry 311919, Other Snack Food Manufacturing.

 3119 Other Food Manufacturing

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing food (except animal food; grain and oilseed milling; sugar and confectionery products; preserved fruit, vegetable, and specialty foods; dairy products; meat products; seafood products; and bakeries and tortillas). The industry group includes industries with different productive processes, such as snack food manufacturing; coffee and tea manufacturing; concentrate, syrup, condiment, and spice manufacturing; and, in general, an entire range of other miscellaneous food product manufacturing.

 31191 Snack Food Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) salting, roasting, drying, cooking, or canning nuts; (2) processing grains or seeds into snacks; (3) manufacturing peanut butter; and (4) manufacturing potato chips, corn chips, popped popcorn, pretzels (except soft), pork rinds, and similar snacks.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing crackers--are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing unpopped popcorn--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing chocolate or candy-coated nuts and candy-covered popcorn--are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing soft pretzels--are classified in Industry 31181, Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing.

 311911 Roasted Nuts and Peanut Butter Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) salting, roasting, drying, cooking, or canning nuts; (2) processing grains or seeds into snacks; and (3) manufacturing peanut butter.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chocolate or candy-coated nuts and candy-covered popcorn are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing.

 311919 Other Snack Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing snack foods (except roasted nuts and peanut butter).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing cookies and crackers--are classified in U.S. Industry 311821, Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing candy covered popcorn and nonchocolate granola bars--are classified in Industry 311340, Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing;

• Salting, roasting, drying, cooking, or canning nuts and seeds--are classified in U.S. Industry 311911, Roasted Nuts and Peanut Butter Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing unpopped popcorn--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing soft pretzels--are classified in U.S. Industry 311812, Commercial Bakeries.

 31192 Coffee and Tea Manufacturing

See industry description for 311920 below.

 311920 Coffee and Tea Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) roasting coffee; (2) manufacturing coffee and tea concentrates (including instant and freeze-dried); (3) blending tea; (4) manufacturing herbal tea; and (5) manufacturing coffee extracts, flavorings, and syrups.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in bottling and canning iced tea are classified in U.S. Industry 312111, Soft Drink Manufacturing.

 31193 Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing

See industry description for 311930 below.

 311930 Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing flavoring syrup drink concentrates and related products for soda fountain use or for the manufacture of soft drinks.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing chocolate syrup--are classified in Industry 311320, Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing from Cacao Beans;

• Manufacturing flavoring extracts (except coffee and meat) and natural food colorings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing coffee extracts--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing meat extracts--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing;

• Manufacturing powdered drink mixes (except coffee, tea, chocolate, or milk-based) and table syrup from corn syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing;

• Reducing maple sap to maple syrup--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming; and

• Manufacturing natural nonfood colorings--are classified in U.S. Industry 325199, All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing.

 31194 Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing dressings and sauces, such as mayonnaise, salad dressing, vinegar, mustard, horseradish, soy sauce, tarter sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and other prepared sauces (except tomato-based and gravies); (2) manufacturing spices, table salt, seasoning, and flavoring extracts (except coffee and meat), and natural food colorings; and (3) manufacturing dry mix food preparations, such as salad dressing mixes, gravy and sauce mixes, frosting mixes, and other dry mix preparations.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing catsup and other tomato-based sauces--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying;

• Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated potato, rice, and pasta and packaging them with other purchased ingredients, and manufacturing prepared frosting--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

• Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients for dry soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying;

• Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for dry soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing industrial salts--are classified in Industry 32599, Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing flavoring syrups (except coffee)--are classified in Industry 311930, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing synthetic food colorings--are classified in Industry 32513, Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing natural organic colorings for nonfood uses--are classified in Industry 32519, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing coffee extracts--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing meat extracts--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing; and

• Manufacturing gravies--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing.

 311941 Mayonnaise, Dressing, and Other Prepared Sauce Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing mayonnaise, salad dressing, vinegar, mustard, horseradish, soy sauce, tarter sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and other prepared sauces (except tomato-based and gravy).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing catsup and similar tomato-based sauces--are classified in U.S. Industry 311421, Fruit and Vegetable Canning;

• Manufacturing dry salad dressing and dry sauce mixes--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing gravies--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing.

 311942 Spice and Extract Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing spices, table salt, seasonings, flavoring extracts (except coffee and meat), and natural food colorings and/or (2) manufacturing dry mix food preparations, such as salad dressing mixes, gravy and sauce mixes, frosting mixes, and other dry mix preparations.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing catsup and other tomato-based sauces--are classified in U.S. Industry 311421, Fruit and Vegetable Canning;

• Manufacturing mayonnaise, dressings, and prepared nontomato-based sauces--are classified in U.S. Industry 311941, Mayonnaise, Dressing, and Other Prepared Sauce Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing industrial salts--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing;

• Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients for dry soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing;

• Mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for dry soup mixes and bouillon--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing flavoring syrups (except coffee-based syrups)--are classified in Industry 311930, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing dried and dehydrated potato, rice, or dry pasta packaged with other ingredients, and prepared frostings--are classified in U.S. Industry 311999, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing coffee extracts and/or coffee-based syrups--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing meat extracts--are classified in Industry 31161, Animal Slaughtering and Processing;

• Manufacturing synthetic food colorings--are classified in U.S. Industry 325132, Synthetic Organic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing; and

• Manufacturing natural organic colorings for nonfood uses--are classified in U.S. Industry 325199, All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing.

 31199 All Other Food Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing food (except animal food; grain and oilseed milling; sugar and confectionery products; preserved fruits, vegetables, and specialties; dairy products; meat products; seafood products; bakeries and tortillas; snack foods; coffee and tea; flavoring syrups and concentrates; seasonings; and dressings). Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients including those mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for soup mixes and bouillon.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing animal foods--are classified in Industry Group 3111, Animal Food Manufacturing;

• Milling grain and oilseed--are classified in Industry Group 3112, Grain and Oilseed Milling;

• Manufacturing sugar and confectionery products--are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing;

• Preserving fruit, vegetables, and specialty foods--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing dairy products--are classified in Industry Group 3115, Dairy Product Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing meat products--are classified in Industry Group 3116, Animal Slaughtering and Processing;

• Manufacturing seafood products--are classified in Industry Group 3117, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging;

• Manufacturing bakery and tortilla products--are classified in Industry Group 3118, Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing snack foods--are classified in Industry 31191, Snack Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing coffee and tea--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing flavoring syrups and concentrates--are classified in Industry 311930, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing seasonings and dressings--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing;

• Milling rice and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in Industry 31121, Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing dry pasta and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in Industry 31182, Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing; and

• Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with other purchased ingredients--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying.

 311991 Perishable Prepared Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing perishable prepared foods, such as salads, sandwiches, prepared meals, fresh pizza, fresh pasta, and peeled or cut vegetables.

 311999 All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing food (except animal food; grain and oilseed milling; sugar and confectionery products; preserved fruits, vegetables, and specialties; dairy products; meat products; seafood products; bakeries and tortillas; snack foods; coffee and tea; flavoring syrups and concentrates; seasonings and dressings; and perishable prepared food). Included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients including those mixing purchased dried and/or dehydrated ingredients for soup mixes and bouillon.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing animal foods--are classified in Industry Group 3111, Animal Food Manufacturing;

• Milling grain and oilseed--are classified in Industry Group 3112, Grain and Oilseed Milling;

• Manufacturing sugar and confectionery products--are classified in Industry Group 3113, Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing;

• Preserving fruit, vegetable, and specialty foods--are classified in Industry Group 3114, Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing dairy products--are classified in Industry Group 3115, Dairy Product Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing meat products--are classified in Industry Group 3116, Meat Product Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing seafood products--are classified in Industry Group 3117, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging;

• Manufacturing bakery and tortilla products--are classified in Industry Group 3118, Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing snack foods--are classified in Industry 31191, Snack Food Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing coffee and tea--are classified in Industry 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing flavoring syrups and concentrates--are classified in Industry 311930, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing seasonings and dressings--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing perishable prepared foods--are classified in U.S. Industry 311991, Perishable Prepared Food Manufacturing;

• Milling rice and packaging it with other ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311212, Rice Milling;

• Manufacturing dry pasta and packaging it with ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311823, Dry Pasta Manufacturing; and

• Drying and/or dehydrating ingredients and packaging them with other purchased ingredients--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing.

312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing

 312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing

Industries in the Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing subsector manufacture beverages and tobacco products. The industry group, Beverage Manufacturing, includes three types of establishments: (1) those that manufacture nonalcoholic beverages; (2) those that manufacture alcoholic beverages through the fermentation process; and (3) those that produce distilled alcoholic beverages. Ice manufacturing, while not a beverage, is included with nonalcoholic beverage manufacturing because it uses the same production process as water purification.

In the case of activities related to the manufacture of beverages, the structure follows the defined productive processes. Brandy, a distilled beverage, was not placed under distillery product manufacturing, but rather under the NAICS class for winery product manufacturing since the productive process used in the manufacturing of alcoholic grape-based beverages produces both wines (fermented beverage) and brandies (distilled beverage).

The industry group, Tobacco Manufacturing, includes two types of establishments: (1) those engaged in redrying and stemming tobacco and, (2) those that manufacture tobacco products, such as cigarettes and cigars.

 3121 Beverage Manufacturing

 31211 Soft Drink and Ice Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing soft drinks; (2) manufacturing ice; and (3) purifying and bottling water.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Canning fruit and vegetable juices--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling and Drying;

• Manufacturing soft drink bases--are classified in Industry 311930, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing nonalcoholic cider--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing dry ice--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing milk-based drinks--are classified in Industry 31151, Dairy Product (except Frozen) Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing nonalcoholic beers--are classified in Industry 312120, Breweries;

• Manufacturing nonalcoholic wines--are classified in Industry 312130, Wineries; and

• Bottling purchased purified water--are classified in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers.

 312111 Soft Drink Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing soft drinks and artificially carbonated waters.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Canning fruit and vegetable juices--are classified in U.S. Industry 311421, Fruit and Vegetable Canning;

• Manufacturing fruit syrups for flavoring--are classified in Industry 311930, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing nonalcoholic cider--are classified in U.S. Industry 311941, All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing;

• Purifying and bottling water (except artificially carbonated and flavored water)--are classified in U.S. Industry 312112, Bottled Water Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing milk-based drinks--are classified in U.S. Industry 311511, Fluid Milk Manufacturing;

• Manufacturing nonalcoholic beers--are classified in Industry 312120, Breweries; and

• Manufacturing nonalcoholic wines--are classified in Industry 312130, Wineries.

 312112 Bottled Water Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in purifying and bottling water (including naturally carbonated).

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing artificially carbonated waters--are classified in U.S. Industry 312111, Soft Drink Manufacturing; and

• Bottling purchased purified water-- are classified in Industry 424490, Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers.

 312113 Ice Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ice.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dry ice are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing.

 31212 Breweries

See industry description for 312120 below.

 312120 Breweries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in brewing beer, ale, malt liquors, and nonalcoholic beer.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Bottling purchased malt beverages--are classified in Industry 424810, Beer and Ale Merchant Wholesalers; and

• Manufacturing malt--are classified in U.S. Industry 311213, Malt Manufacturing.

 31213 Wineries

See industry description for 312130 below.

 312130 Wineries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) growing grapes and manufacturing wine and brandies; (2) manufacturing wine and brandies from grapes and other fruits grown elsewhere; and (3) blending wines and brandies.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in bottling purchased wines are classified in Industry 424820, Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers.

 31214 Distilleries

See industry description for 312140 below.

 312140 Distilleries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) distilling potable liquors (except brandies); (2) distilling and blending liquors; and (3) blending and mixing liquors and other ingredients.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing nonpotable ethyl alcohol--are classified in U.S. Industry 325193, Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing;

• Bottling liquors made elsewhere--are classified in Industry 424820, Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers; and

• Manufacturing brandies--are classified in Industry 312130, Wineries.

 3122 Tobacco Manufacturing

 31221 Tobacco Stemming and Redrying

See industry description for 312210 below.

 312210 Tobacco Stemming and Redrying

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the stemming and redrying of tobacco.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Reconstituting tobacco--are classified in U.S. Industry 312229, Other Tobacco Product Manufacturing;

• Selling leaf tobacco as merchant wholesalers that also engage in stemming tobacco--are classified in Industry 424940, Tobacco and Tobacco Product Merchant Wholesalers; and

• Selling leaf tobacco as agents or brokers that also engage in stemming tobacco--are classified in Industry 425120, Wholesale Trade Agents and Brokers.

 31222 Tobacco Product Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cigarettes, cigars, smoking and chewing tobacco, and reconstituted tobacco.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in stemming and redrying tobacco are classified in Industry 312210, Tobacco Stemming and Redrying.

 312221 Cigarette Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cigarettes.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cigars, smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco, and reconstituted tobacco are classified in U.S. Industry 312229, Other Tobacco Product Manufacturing.